重新发现小网站Rediscovering the Small Web
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Most websites today are built like commercial products by professionals and marketers, optimised to draw the largest audience, generate engagement and 'convert'. But there is also a smaller, less-visible web designed by regular people to simply to share their interests and hobbies with the world. A web that is unpolished, often quirky but often also fun, creative and interesting.如今，大多数网站都是由专业人士和营销人员像商业产品一样构建的，经过优化以吸引最大的受众、产生参与度和“转化”。但也有一个由普通人设计的更小、更不明显的网络，只是为了与世界分享他们的兴趣和爱好。一个未经修饰、通常古怪但通常也有趣、有创意和有趣的网络。Parimal Satyal, 25 May 2020Parimal Satyal，2020 年 5 月 25 日
Every website redesign begins with inspiration.每个网站的重新设计都始于灵感。
For this one, there were two: Anders' clean, readable website, which inspired the homepage, and Marijn's site, which reminded me just how fun the web can be. The colours, graphics, creative navigation, interesting ideas... the simple fact of clicking through the pages of someone's personal website in 2020 made me nostalgic of the web of the late 90s and early 2000s that I grew up with.对于这个网站，有两个：Anders 干净、可读的网站，它激发了主页的灵感，以及 Marijn 的网站，它提醒了我 Web 是多么有趣。颜色、图形、创意导航、有趣的想法......在 2020 年点击某人的个人网站页面的简单事实使我怀念我长大的 90 年代末和 2000 年代初的网络。
Some of you might have read my previous article, Against an Increasingly User Hostile Web. In it, I argue that we are replacing an open web that connects and empowers with one that restricts and commoditises people. I talk about how the modern web of surveillance, bloat and walled gardens is at odds with the open web that I love. I was pleasantly surprised by how much the sentiment seemed to be shared by so many other people who emailed me, wrote responses on their own blog and discussed it on online forums. Despite being two and a half years old, that article rather disappointingly still reflects the state of the web today.你们中的一些人可能已经阅读了我之前的文章，反对日益用户敌对的网络。在这篇文章中，我认为我们正在用一个限制和商品化人们的网络来取代一个连接和赋权的开放网络。我谈到了由监控、臃肿和围墙花园组成的现代网络如何与我喜欢的开放网络相矛盾。我惊喜地发现，有这么多人给我发电子邮件，在自己的博客上写回复，并在在线论坛上讨论，他们似乎有如此多的共同观点。尽管那篇文章已经出版了两年半，但令人失望的是，它仍然反映了当今 Web 的状况。
But stumbling upon Marijn’s site gave me hope. It led me down a rabbit hole of many other small websites made by people with all kinds of interests: movies, aviation, music, art, computers. It reminded me that the creative, personal, fun web I grew up with is not a thing of the past. It’s still here in 2020. You just have to know where to look.但偶然发现 Marijn 的网站给了我希望。它让我陷入了许多其他小型网站的兔子洞，这些网站是由各种兴趣爱好的人创建的：电影、航空、音乐、艺术、计算机。它提醒我，我从小到大的创意、个人化、有趣的网络并不是过去。它在 2020 年仍然存在。你只需要知道去哪里找。
My aim is not to convince you that everything was better in the past; it wasn't. You had trojans, malware, endless pop-ups, terrible security practices, browser incompatibility, slow Java applets. No, technically, the modern web is more secure and more usable.我的目的不是让你相信过去一切都更好;但事实并非如此。您有木马、恶意软件、无休止的弹出窗口、糟糕的安全实践、浏览器不兼容、缓慢的 Java 小程序。不，从技术上讲，现代 Web 更安全、更可用。
This essay is my attempt to show you what the small and independent web can look like, why it’s different from the the sites that dominate web traffic today, why it's worth exploring and how easy it is for anyone to be a part of it.这篇文章是我试图向您展示小型独立网络是什么样子的，为什么它与当今主导网络流量的网站不同，为什么值得探索以及任何人都很容易成为其中的一部分。
This essay is somewhat long; you might find this table of contents handy:这篇文章有点长;您可能会发现此目录很方便：
Retro Redesign 复古重新设计
On my homepage, I mention that this website is “a tribute to the creative web of the 90s”. This is not simply because this website has animated gifs and a guestbook. The way I built it is also inspired by how I built my earliest websites: everything is written in plain HTML.在我的主页上，我提到这个网站是 “对 90 年代创意网络的致敬”。这不仅仅是因为这个网站有动画 gif 和留言簿。我构建它的方式也受到了我最早构建网站的方式的启发：一切都是用纯 HTML 编写的。
No content management systems, no generators, no templates, no themes, no plugins. Just plain markup and styling, the most basic of the basic building blocks of the web.没有内容管理系统，没有生成器，没有模板，没有主题，没有插件。只是简单的标记和样式，这是 Web 最基本的基本构建块。
I didn’t originally plan to do it like this. I previously used a static site generator to output plain HTML and was simply working on a new design template for that. But my three-year-old node.js setup was now spewing error messages, telling me some dependencies had to be updated and that a plugin was no longer compatible. Because I'm lazy and didn't want to fix any of that, I wondered if I couldn’t just do it all manually instead and save myself the trouble.我最初并不打算这样做。我以前使用静态站点生成器来输出纯 HTML，并且只是为此开发了一个新的设计模板。但是我三年前的 node.js 设置现在喷出错误消息，告诉我必须更新一些依赖项并且插件不再兼容。因为我很懒，不想解决任何问题，所以我想知道我是否可以直接手动完成所有操作，从而省去麻烦。
So I did. I decided to hand-code everything in plain HTML and CSS, manually link all the pages and even hand-write the RSS feed. And to be honest, I haven’t had this much fun making a website since when I first started playing around with Microsoft Frontpage and Adobe Photoshop 4.0 in the late 90s and early 2000s.所以我就这样做了。我决定用纯 HTML 和 CSS 手动编码所有内容，手动链接所有页面，甚至手写 RSS 提要。老实说，自从我在 90 年代末和 2000 年代初第一次开始使用 Microsoft Frontpage 和 Adobe Photoshop 4.0 以来，我就没有在制作网站时享受过这么多乐趣。
This approach wouldn't work for a bigger website. But for a small one like mine with about 10 total pages, it has many obvious benefits: next to no dependencies, easy to maintain, reasonably future proof, easily portable and most important of all, terribly fun to work on. I stayed up till six in the morning for two straight days working on the redesign, not because I couldn’t sleep but because I didn’t want to stop. Admittedly, about 30% of that time was spent scouring GifCities.org and the Internet Archive for animated GIFs and backgrounds. (You might notice that each page of the website has a different background, including some with original art by my friend).这种方法不适用于更大的网站。但对于像我这样总共只有 10 页的小公司来说，它有很多明显的好处：几乎没有依赖项、易于维护、合理的未来适应性、易于移植，最重要的是，工作起来非常有趣。我连续两天熬夜到早上六点，不是因为我睡不着，而是因为我不想停下来。诚然，大约 30% 的时间都花在了 GifCities.org 和 Internet Archive 中寻找动画 GIF 和背景。（您可能会注意到网站的每个页面都有不同的背景，包括一些带有我朋友的原创艺术的页面）。
Redesigning my website this way inspired me to scour archives of old websites for interesting relics from the early web. This in turned led me to the fun, creative websites that are actively maintained even today.以这种方式重新设计我的网站激发了我在旧网站的档案中搜索早期 Web 中有趣的遗迹。这反过来又将我带到了即使在今天仍在积极维护的有趣、有创意的网站。
To understand what these small websites represent and why I think they are important, we need to start in the past.要了解这些小型网站代表什么以及为什么我认为它们很重要，我们需要从过去开始。
The First Webpages 第一个网页
The web was still in its infancy in the early 90s. You probably know the story.在 90 年代初，Web 仍处于起步阶段。你可能知道这个故事。
It had only just been invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 and released into the public domain in 1993, making it available for free to anyone in the world to use and build on. In its very early days, it was really only accessible to the more technical crowd, much like Gopher, FTP, Usenet and other internet protocols at the time. It wasn't until the first easy-to-use graphical browser Mosaic was released for free in 1993 that regular computer users would discover the web for the first time. Others like myself discovered it later still when the Mosaic-spinoff Netscape Navigator (the foundation of today's Firefox) and Internet Explorer became commonplace.它刚刚由 Tim Berners-Lee 爵士于 1991 年发明，并于 1993 年发布到公共领域，让世界上任何人都可以免费使用和构建。在早期，它实际上只有技术含量更高的人群才能使用，就像当时的 Gopher、FTP、Usenet 和其他互联网协议一样。直到 1993 年第一个易于使用的图形浏览器 Mosaic 免费发布，普通计算机用户才第一次发现了 Web。像我这样的人是在 Mosaic 衍生产品 Netscape Navigator（今天 Firefox 的基础）和 Internet Explorer 变得司空见惯时发现它的。
It was all terribly exciting. Unlike traditional media, you could now speak back and participate. It was the first interplanetary communication system where anyone, anywhere in the world, could make a page and share their thoughts and ideas with the world. Netscape would later even include an editor that let users make webpages visually, the same as using a word-processor ("WYSIWYG", as it was called back then: what you see is what you get). The goal was to enable anyone, even those without the technical skills, to put a page up.这一切都非常令人兴奋。与传统媒体不同，您现在可以回声并参与其中。这是第一个星际通信系统，世界上任何地方的任何人都可以制作一个页面并与世界分享他们的想法和想法。Netscape 后来甚至包括一个编辑器，让用户可以直观地制作网页，就像使用文字处理器（当时称为“所见即所得”：所见即所得）一样。目标是让任何人，即使是那些没有技术技能的人，都能发布一个页面。
But if you wanted your web page to be "on the web", where would you put it?但是，如果您希望您的网页“在 Web 上”，您会将其放在哪里？
You needed a web host of some sort to store the pages and share a public address so other people could visit. It would ideally also be free so you could try things for fun without having to think about it too much. That's where Geocities came in, along with other free web hosts like Tripod, Fortunecity and Freeservers. They were perhaps the biggest catalysts to democratising the web.您需要某种类型的 Web 主机来存储页面并共享公共地址，以便其他人可以访问。理想情况下，它也是免费的，因此您可以尝试一些有趣的事情，而不必考虑太多。这就是 Geocities 的用武之地，以及其他免费网络主机，如 Tripod、Fortunecity 和 Freeservers。他们可能是 Web 民主化的最大催化剂。
Geocities introduction page from February 1998, accessed via Internet Archive1998 年 2 月的 Geocities 介绍页面，可通过 Internet Archive 访问
It was so simple, anyone who wanted to could create a free account and build a website to share their hobbies and ideas. And share they did! People made websites about virtually everything: music, philosophy, art projects, ASCII art, candy, and about their lives.这很简单，任何想要的人都可以创建一个免费帐户并建立一个网站来分享他们的爱好和想法。他们确实做到了！人们制作的网站几乎涵盖了所有内容：音乐、哲学、艺术项目、ASCII 艺术、糖果以及他们的生活。
A key detail was that most people who made these websites were neither professionals nor companies; they were simply people who wanted to share their interests. Like I did back in 2001 with my unofficial fansite for German metal band Gamma Ray:一个关键细节是，制作这些网站的大多数人既不是专业人士也不是公司;他们只是想分享他们兴趣的人。就像我在 2001 年对德国金属乐队 Gamma Ray 的非官方粉丝网站所做的那样：
My Geocities-hosted Gamma Ray fansite from January 2001, accessed via Internet Archive2001 年 1 月由 My Geocities 托管的 Gamma Ray 粉丝网站，可通过 Internet Archive 访问
But how would someone go about finding these pages? We didn't have Google in the early days. Other search engines like Lycos, Excite and Northern Lights did exist but were nowhere near as efficient as modern search engines. Finding something you were interested in was not as simple as typing a few words and getting to that information in one click.但是人们如何找到这些页面呢？我们早期没有 Google。其他搜索引擎，如 Lycos、Excite 和 Northern Lights 确实存在，但远不如现代搜索引擎有效。找到您感兴趣的东西并不像输入几个单词并一键获取该信息那么简单。
No, the web was much more of an adventure. It was a place that you wandered to discover new areas, like exploring the vast open seas. A new virtual space that lead to all kinds of strange, interesting, exciting places. This is what the web was like, at least, in our collective imagination.不，网络更像是一种冒险。这是一个你漫步以发现新领域的地方，比如探索广阔的公海。一个新的虚拟空间，通向各种奇怪、有趣、令人兴奋的地方。至少在我们的集体想象中，这就是 Web 的样子。
Masters and Navigators 大师和领航员
The web was a different kind of place in those early years, and we had different words to talk about it. In an article titled Cyberspace, the old-fashioned way, authors at the Rhizome project make a very important point:在那些早期，网络是一个不同的地方，我们有不同的词来谈论它。在一篇题为《Cyberspace， the old-fashioned way》的文章中，Rhizome 项目的作者提出了一个非常重要的观点：
Today's web browsers want to be invisible, merging with the visual environment of the desktop in an effort to convince users to treat "the cloud" as just an extension of their hard drive.In the 1990s, browser design took nearly the opposite approach, using iconography associated with travel to convey the feeling of going on a journey.今天的 Web 浏览器希望不可见，与桌面的视觉环境融合，以说服用户将“云”视为其硬盘驱动器的扩展。在 1990 年代，浏览器设计采取了几乎相反的方法，使用与旅行相关的图像来传达旅行的感觉。Netscape Navigator 使用船舵作为其标志，与前缀 cyber- 的航海起源建立了非常直接的联系，而 Internet Explorer 的标志则承诺将用户带到全球各地。
Old logos of Netscape Navigator and Internet ExplorerNetscape Navigator 和 Internet Explorer 的旧徽标
Navigation. Exploration. Browsing. Surfing. The web was akin to a virtual manifestation of physical space. We even had a word for it: webspace. In Geocities, this was expressed with the notion of neighborhoods, creatively-named categories like Area51 for sci-fi, Heartland for families and pets, RainForest for the environment, Vienna for classical music, CapeCanaveral for science and mathematics.导航。勘探。浏览。冲浪。Web 类似于物理空间的虚拟表现形式。我们甚至有一个词来形容它：webspace。在《地理城市》中，这通过社区的概念来表达，创造性地命名了诸如科幻小说的 Area51、家庭和宠物的 Heartland、环境的热带雨林、古典音乐的维也纳、科学和数学的 CapeCanaveral 等类别。
Neighborhoods avialable on Geocities in 1998, accessed via Internet Archive1998 年在 Geocities 上可用的社区，可通过 Internet Archive 访问
Another word that was very common back in the Geocities days that has since died out is the word "webmaster" (mostly gender-neutral, although sometimes declined to the feminine "webmistress"). The idea was that you created a space on the web, of which you were the master. You welcomed visitors (sometimes with a splash screen), guided them around by explaining what the site was about and the different spaces available to them (usually on the home page) and reminded them to leave a word on the guestbook on their way out.另一个在 Geocities 时代非常常见但后来消失的词是“webmaster”这个词（主要是性别中立的，尽管有时被拒绝为女性的“webmistress”）。这个想法是你在网络上创建了一个空间，你是这个空间的主人。您欢迎访客（有时带有启动画面），通过解释网站的内容和他们可用的不同空间（通常在主页上）来引导他们四处走动，并提醒他们在离开时在留言簿上留下一个字。
But the semantics of the web of yore made sense in the context of how you practically interacted with it. You very rarely just came in for one specific thing and then immediately left like you might today; you usually entered a website and looked around. You browsed.但是，在你如何实际与它交互的背景下，昔日网络的语义是有意义的。你很少像今天这样只为一件特定的事情进来，然后立即离开;您通常会进入一个网站并环顾四周。您浏览了一下。
Which takes us back to the original question of how other internautes found your website in the first place. You were lucky if your small site showed up in pre-Google search engines, but even if it did, it would mean that somebody was actively looking for it. But not everybody who visited your website was looking for anything specific. They might simply have wanted to find other websites about a topic they were interested it.这让我们回到了最初的问题，即其他内部人员最初是如何找到您的网站的。如果您的小型网站出现在 Google 之前的搜索引擎中，那么您很幸运，但即使它出现了，也意味着有人正在积极寻找它。但并非每个访问您网站的人都在寻找任何特定的东西。他们可能只是想找到有关他们感兴趣的主题的其他网站。
One way of doing so was by browsing directories, like the Geocities neighbourhoods: lists of websites often arranged by categories and sub-categories. In fact, most search engines were also directories, or portals as some were called back then.一种方法是浏览目录，例如 Geocities 社区：网站列表通常按类别和子类别排列。事实上，大多数搜索引擎也是目录或门户，因为当时有些人被称为 Portals。
In 1997, Excite was both a search engine and a directory, organised into channels, accessed via Internet Archive1997 年，Excite 既是一个搜索引擎，也是一个目录，组织成多个频道，可通过 Internet Archive 访问
One of the biggest ones was the DMOZ open-directory project, based on the original Mozilla directories, whose goal it was to "produce the most comprehensive directory of the web, by relying on a vast army of volunteer editors". You can still browse a 2001 archive of the old directory to get a sense of how it worked.其中最大的一个项目是 DMOZ 开放目录项目，它基于最初的 Mozilla 目录，其目标是“依靠一大群志愿编辑者来制作最全面的 Web 目录”。您仍然可以浏览旧目录的 2001 年存档，以了解它是如何工作的。
About DMOZ page from 2000, accessed via Internet Archive关于 2000 年的 DMOZ 页面，通过 Internet Archive 访问
The other way to discover new websites relied on a key feature of the web: hyperlinks. You would go to one website and find your way to many others, much like if you go to my "Retro Stuff" page and follow one of the links to something interesting elsewhere on the web. This idea of linking to things elsewhere was particularly common; most websites had a "links" page with their own personal collection of interesting webpages.发现新网站的另一种方法依赖于 Web 的一个关键功能：超链接。你会去一个网站，然后找到很多其他网站，就像你去我的 “Retro Stuff” 页面，然后按照其中一个链接去网上其他地方的有趣东西一样。这种链接到其他地方的想法特别普遍;大多数网站都有一个 “链接” 页面，其中包含他们自己的有趣网页个人集合。
This cross-linking was the main way I personally discovered my favourite websites, which I would then add to my bookmarks to be able to find them again later. In fact, the practice of cross-linking had an intersting cultural element: webrings.这种交叉链接是我个人发现我最喜欢的网站的主要方式，然后我会将其添加到我的书签中，以便以后能够再次找到它们。事实上，交联的做法有一个有趣的文化元素：织带。
An example of a webring (about European History) from Ray's MiscellanyRay's Miscellany 中的 webring（关于欧洲历史）示例
Webrings were "circular" collections of websites, often around a topic or a theme. The idea was that you could go from one website to another by clicking on the "next" or "previous" buttons usually placed on the bottom of each member's homepage. These have also largely disappeared.Webring 是网站的“循环”集合，通常围绕一个主题或主题。这个想法是，您可以通过单击通常位于每个会员主页底部的“下一个”或“上一个”按钮从一个网站转到另一个网站。这些也已基本消失。
Modern Gatekeepers 现代守门人
Today, most of the time spent on the web is either on a small number of very dominant platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn, or mediated through them.今天，花在网络上的大部分时间要么是在 Facebook 和 LinkedIn 等少数非常占主导地位的平台上，要么是通过它们进行中介。
There is so much "content" that is constantly pushed at you as a user that very few of us actually venture out to browse and explore anymore. We simply don't need to. But these platforms thrive on "user engagement"—likes, comments, clicks and shares—and their algorithms are more likely to give visibility to content that generates this behavior. Instead of browsing, the web is for many an endless and often overwhelming stream of content and commentary picked out by algorithms based on what they think you already like and will engage with. It's the opposite of exploration.作为用户，有如此多的 “内容” 不断推送给您，以至于我们中很少有人真正冒险出去浏览和探索。我们根本不需要。但这些平台在 “用户参与” （点赞、评论、点击和分享） 上蓬勃发展，而且它们的算法更有可能为产生这种行为的内容提供可见性。对许多人来说，网络不是浏览，而是算法根据他们认为你已经喜欢并会参与的内容来挑选出无穷无尽且经常压倒性的内容和评论流。它与探索相反。
When you're not receiving information passively and instead actually actively looking for something, you most likely have the same singular point of entry as about 87% of all web users: Google.当您不是被动接收信息而是主动寻找某物时，您很可能与大约 87% 的网络用户拥有相同的单一入口点：Google。
Google has become the de facto gatekeeper of the web, an arbiter of what is useful and what should get visibility. Except, most websites that appear on the first page, the links that you are most likely to click on—less than 1% of searchers click on something in the second page—are designed to be there by optimising for Google's algorithms. One consequence of this is that most of the websites that people get to "organically" are created by professionals and marketers who "position" themselves on those keywords. This means that the smaller, amateur web gets hidden in the shadows of web professionals who design around specific keywords and audiences.Google 已经成为 Web 事实上的守门人，是哪些是有用的，哪些应该获得可见性的仲裁者。除了出现在第一页上的大多数网站之外，您最有可能点击的链接（不到 1% 的搜索者点击第二页中的内容）是通过优化 Google 的算法来设计的。这样做的一个后果是，人们 “有机 ”访问的大多数网站都是由专业人士和营销人员创建的，他们 “定位 ”在这些关键词上。这意味着较小的业余网络隐藏在围绕特定关键字和受众进行设计的网络专业人士的阴影中。
Google's results for "bartending recipes" won't take you to the small webGoogle 的 “bartending recipes” 结果不会带你去小网络
Not only is Google largely a monopoly in search— other search engines like Bing, DuckDuckGo and Qwant are still far behind in adoption—it is also the biggest ad selling platform. Last year, it represented "31,1% of worldwide ad spending, or $103,73 billion" (source). The power that comes from being in such a position, along with being present in almost all major websites (through their widely-used analytics platform, despite the numerous privacy concerns) means it can actively push its own vision of the web.谷歌不仅在搜索领域占据主导地位——Bing、DuckDuckGo 和 Qwant 等其他搜索引擎在采用率方面仍然远远落后——它也是最大的广告销售平台。去年，它占“全球广告支出的 31.1%，即 1037.3 亿美元”（来源）。处于这样位置所带来的力量，以及出现在几乎所有主要网站中（尽管存在许多隐私问题，但通过其广泛使用的分析平台）意味着它可以积极推动自己的 Web 愿景。
And this web is quite different from the kind of "small web" crafted by webmasters of the 90s and early 2000s. Google's web has a different set of values and vocabulary that come with it: personalisation, insights, engagement, conversion, performance, optimisation.这个网络与 90 年代和 2000 年代初网站管理员制作的那种“小网络”完全不同。Google 的网络有一套不同的价值观和词汇：个性化、洞察、互动、转化、性能、优化。
The Commercial Web (of Marketing)商业网络（营销）
There has always been a place for commerce and marketing on the web.Web 上一直有商业和营销的一席之地。
Amazon was already selling books online back in 1995, eBay was launched in 1997 and Dell sold over a million dollars worth of equipment by the end of the same year. By the 2000s, despite the dot com bust, online commerce was growing. This development was natural; the web enabled sellers to reach more distant clients without having to rely on phone orders, fax or the postal system. The commercial web co-existed and grew with the personal, amateur one. The open nature of the web meant that all kinds of websites could thrive.亚马逊早在 1995 年就已经在网上销售书籍，eBay 于 1997 年推出，戴尔到同年年底售出了价值超过 100 万美元的设备。到 2000 年代，尽管互联网泡沫破灭，但在线商务仍在增长。这种发展是自然而然的;Web 使卖家能够接触到更远的客户，而不必依赖电话订单、传真或邮政系统。商业网络与个人业余网络共存并发展。Web 的开放性质意味着各种网站都可以蓬勃发展。
But today's web is mostly commercial. The smaller web of individuals has neither the resources nor the will to compete for visibility and audience the way the commercial web does.但今天的 Web 主要是商业的。较小的个人网络既没有资源也没有意愿像商业网络那样争夺知名度和受众。
Companies and marketers understood that the web presented new opportunities to sell more and target users based on their online activity. They started pouring money into digital ad strategies, analysing how people used the web, what they talk about, what they search for and what they click on. Marketing companies convinced brands that you had to be online and produce content to be more relevant because that's where their customers already were. They invented words like "native advertising" and "sponsored content" (content made to look like a regular articles but are really paid advertising). Companies started pouring money into their digital strategies to understand and alter influence the behavior of internet users to their advantage.公司和营销人员明白，Web 提供了新的机会，可以提高销售量并根据用户的在线活动来定位用户。他们开始在数字广告策略中投入资金，分析人们如何使用网络、他们谈论什么、他们搜索什么以及他们点击什么。营销公司让品牌相信，您必须在线并制作更具相关性的内容，因为那里是他们的客户已经所在的地方。他们发明了 “原生广告” 和 “赞助内容” 等词（内容看起来像普通文章，但实际上是付费广告）。公司开始将资金投入到他们的数字战略中，以了解和改变影响互联网用户的行为，使其对自己有利。
Companies like Quantcast offer detailed behavioral/psychographic data on us web users, including our actions across different websites, to marketers to track and influence us.像 Quantcast 这样的公司向营销人员提供有关我们网络用户的详细行为/心理数据，包括我们在不同网站上的行为，以跟踪和影响我们。
With its content strategy, analytics (the surveillance infrastructure that I spoke about in my previous article) and search engine optimisation, the commercial web brought a completely different set of priorities: to engage their "audience", convert them and retain them for as long as possible.凭借其内容策略、分析（我在上一篇文章中谈到的监控基础设施）和搜索引擎优化，商业网络带来了一系列完全不同的优先事项：吸引他们的 “受众”，转化他们并尽可能长时间地留住他们。
For them, the web was just another marketing channel.对他们来说，Web 只是另一个营销渠道。
Compared to the small web, this commercial web is tactical and predatory. It can dynamically generate hundreds of pages around common search queries. It can follow web users across different websites, analyse their interactions, and use that information to target them more precisely. It also has serious resources. Just last year, companies spent over 300 billion euros in online digital advertising, most of this money going to the same platforms and gatekeepers—Google and Facebook—that sell their ability to better target you based on the information you give them.与小型网络相比，这个商业网络是战术性和掠夺性的。它可以围绕常见的搜索查询动态生成数百个页面。它可以跟踪不同网站上的网络用户，分析他们的互动，并使用该信息更准确地定位他们。它也有大量的资源。就在去年，公司在在线数字广告上花费了超过 3000 亿欧元，其中大部分资金流向了相同的平台和看门人——谷歌和 Facebook——这些平台和看门人出售他们根据你提供的信息更好地定位你的能力。
What this means is that web users end up interacting and spending most of their time on the visible, predatory commercial web, while the very long tail of smaller, amateur websites remains hidden in the noise.这意味着 Web 用户最终会在可见的掠夺性商业网络上进行交互并花费大部分时间，而较小的业余网站的长尾仍然隐藏在噪音中。
The Product-oriented Website以产品为导向的网站
The design of the modern commercial web is also "sanitised": it is polished, follows conventions and is optimised for efficiency. This is one of the reasons so many websites you go to today look and feel the same. The codes of the commercial web have become so dominant that we have forgotten that the small web still exists and has a completely different priorities.现代商业网络的设计也是经过“净化”的：它经过打磨，遵循惯例并针对效率进行了优化。这就是您今天访问的许多网站看起来和感觉相同的原因之一。商业网络的代码已经变得如此主导，以至于我们忘记了小网络仍然存在并且具有完全不同的优先级。
Modern web design principles are very rarely directed at regular people looking to make a website on something they are interested in. Instead, the focus is on creating websites that perform well:现代网页设计原则很少针对希望在他们感兴趣的事物上制作网站的普通人。相反，重点是创建性能良好的网站：
Don't use too many colours. Write short, catchy headlines. Don't let content be too long. Optimise for SEO. Produce video content, attention span is decreasing. Have a an obvious call to action. Push your newsletter. Keep important information above the fold. Don't make users think. Follow conventions.不要使用太多颜色。写简短、吸引人的标题。不要让内容太长。针对 SEO 进行优化。制作视频内容，注意力持续时间正在减少。有一个明显的号召性用语。推送您的时事通讯。将重要信息放在首屏。不要让用户思考。遵循惯例。
An SEO person's idea of Universal Web Design Principles That Improve Usability And ConversionSEO 人对提高可用性和转化率的通用网页设计原则的想法
Modern websites are designed to direct user behavior towards certain goals: a purchase, a click, a share or a sign-up. The words, the colours, the message are tailored to these goals, much like packaging on products in the super market.现代网站旨在将用户行为引导至特定目标：购买、点击、分享或注册。文字、颜色、信息都是为这些目标量身定制的，就像超市里的产品包装一样。
A 2008 article called by Smashing Magazine called 10 Principles Of Good Website Design was the top result when I searched for "good web design" whilst writing this essay. There are many others, some more recent, but they all pretty much say the same thing. The author of this one even clearly begins by stating that "[...] user-centric design has established as a standard approach for successful and profit-oriented web design".2008 年，Smashing Magazine 发表了一篇名为“Good Website Design 的 10 条原则”的文章，当我在写这篇文章时搜索“good web design”时，排名靠前。还有很多其他的，有些是最近的，但它们几乎都说了同样的事情。这篇文章的作者甚至清楚地以“[...]以用户为中心的设计已成为成功和以利润为导向的网页设计的标准方法”。
But the web is not always "profit-oriented" and it certainly does not need to be "user-centric" (and I say this as a UX consultant). If it were, there would be very little creativity and self-expression left. The rich diversity of the web would be reduced to the online equivalent of a massive, orderly, clinical shopping mall meant to drive sales. No, the web can just as well be "author-centered", hobby-centered or even be dog-centered!但 Web 并不总是 “以利润为导向”，当然也不需要 “以用户为中心”（我作为 UX 顾问这么说）。如果是这样，创造力和自我表达就会所剩无几。网络的丰富多样性将沦为在线等价物，相当于一个旨在推动销售的大型、有序、临床的购物中心。不，网络也可以 “以作者为中心”，以爱好为中心，甚至以狗为中心！
It is worth remembering a website does not have to be a product; it can also be art. The web is also a creative and cultural space that need not confine itself to the conventions defined by commercial product design and marketing.值得记住的是，网站不一定是产品;它也可以是艺术。Web 也是一个创意和文化空间，它不需要局限于商业产品设计和营销定义的惯例。
The Web as a Creative SpaceWeb 作为创意空间
With the dominance of the commercial web and the normalisation of its code and techniques, it is easy for most people to think that the web is a complex machine. Most websites today are built with sophisticated content management systems, SEO and social media strategies, multiple plugins, detailed analytics and audience tracking, optimized for different breakpoints and served via a global CDN.随着商业 Web 的主导地位及其代码和技术的正常化，大多数人很容易认为 Web 是一台复杂的机器。当今大多数网站都是使用复杂的内容管理系统、SEO 和社交媒体策略、多个插件、详细的分析和受众跟踪构建的，针对不同的断点进行了优化，并通过全球 CDN 提供服务。
But the web is really a lot simpler than that. You really only need two things: a web host and HTML (and basic CSS for formatting). And you don't need to make it "user-centered"; much like the early webmasters on Geocities carving out their own corner of the web, you can express yourself any way you want. It’s the difference between product and art.但 Web 实际上比这简单得多。您实际上只需要两样东西：Web 主机和 HTML（以及用于格式化的基本 CSS）。而且你不需要让它 “以用户为中心”;就像 Geocities 上的早期网站管理员在网络中开辟自己的一角一样，你可以用任何你想要的方式表达自己。这就是产品和艺术之间的区别。
A painter wouldn’t add more red to her painting or change the composition because market data showed that people liked it better. It’s her creative vision; some people might like it, others might not. But it is her creation, with her own rules. The question of "performance" is simply irrelevant. It's the same thing with the small web.画家不会在她的画中添加更多的红色或更改构图，因为市场数据显示人们更喜欢它。这是她的创意愿景;有些人可能喜欢它，有些人可能不喜欢。但这是她的创造，有她自己的规则。“性能”的问题根本无关紧要。小 Web 也是如此。
If the commercial web is "industrial", you could say that the small web is "artisanal". One is not better than the other. They serve different needs and both can co-exist in an open web. It would nevertheless be a shame if we only spent time on the commercial web and never got the opportunity to experience the creativity, passion and quirkiness of the small web.如果商业网络是“工业的”，那么你可以说小网络是“手工的”。一个并不比另一个好。它们满足不同的需求，并且两者都可以在开放的 Web 中共存。然而，如果我们只花时间在商业网络上，而没有机会体验小型网络的创造力、激情和古怪，那将是一种耻辱。
To show you what the it can look like and how different it can be from modern websites, I have collected a few examples that I think illustrate the richness of the small web.为了向您展示它的外观以及它与现代网站的不同之处，我收集了一些我认为可以说明小型网络丰富性的示例。
Highlights: From the Past亮点：过去
We will first look at small websites from the past and then move on to ones that are up and running today.我们将首先查看过去的小型网站，然后继续查看今天启动并运行的网站。
To be able to dig up these websites and give you access to them, I am grateful to the wonderful and important archival work done by:为了能够挖掘这些网站并让您访问它们，我非常感谢以下人员所做的出色而重要的档案工作：
- Internet Archive, which, thanks to the 439 billion web pages saved since the mid 90s, lets you travel back in time and see how a website looked in the past.
Internet Archive 自 90 年代中期以来保存了 4390 亿个网页，让您回到过去，看看网站过去的样子。
- Restorativland, a "restored visual gallery of the archived Geocities sites, sorted by neighborhood".
Restorativland，“已存档的 Geocities 遗址的修复视觉画廊，按社区排序”。
On to the examples. 继续举个例子。
A Laurel & Hardy FansiteLaurel & Hardy 粉丝网站
A fan-made site from 1998 about comedy duo Stan Laurel and Oliver Norville Hardy. The author has this to say about the website:1998 年关于喜剧二人组 Stan Laurel 和 Oliver Norville Hardy 的粉丝制作网站。作者对该网站是这样说的：
On this website you will find: over one hundred pictures, a small collection of sound files, the complete movie list - from the silent eara to the talkies. Ever wondered what they were singing? Go to the lyrics page and read the text. Laurel & Hardy were the stars but they couldn't have done it without the help of others. You can see who they were on the Supporting Cast page.在这个网站上，您会发现：一百多张图片、一小群声音文件、完整的电影列表 - 从无声的 eara 到有声电影。有没有想过他们在唱什么？转到歌词页面并阅读文本。Laurel & Hardy是明星，但如果没有其他人的帮助，他们不可能做到这一点。您可以在 Supporting Cast 页面上查看他们是谁。
If you go to the siteinfo page, you’ll notice that the “why” of the website is simply “why not!!”. Why not indeed!如果你去 siteinfo 页面，你会注意到网站的 “why” 只是 “why not！！”。为什么不呢！
A screenshot of the home page of A Laurel and Hardy FansiteA Laurel and Hardy Fansite 主页截图
on Restorativland
访问位于Restorativland的A Laurel & Hardy粉丝网站
Fractal Explorer 分形浏览器
A complete website about fractals by Fabio Cesari, (then) a 24 year old student of computer engineering at the University of Bologna, Italy. Includes very clear explanations, image galleries and step-by-step guided tours:Fabio Cesari 撰写的关于分形的完整网站，（当时）是意大利博洛尼亚大学计算机工程专业的 24 岁学生。包括非常清晰的解释、图片库和分步导览：
Many people have probably been fascinated by the infinite complexity and beauty of fractals. I wrote this brief tutorial to explain, in simple terms, how the Mandelbrot set and Julia sets are generated. This document provides an informal introduction to these subjects, and is only intended to be a starting point to learn more about fractals and fractal geometry.许多人可能已经被分形的无限复杂性和美丽所吸引。我编写了这个简短的教程，以简单的术语解释 Mandelbrot 集和 Julia 集是如何生成的。本文档提供了对这些主题的非正式介绍，仅作为了解有关分形和分形几何的更多信息的起点。
A screenshot of the guided tour of a Mandelbrot set in Fractal ExplorerFractal Explorer 中 Mandelbrot 集的导览屏幕截图
on Internet Archive
访问 Internet Archive 上的 Fractal Explorer
The National Coca-Cola Bottle Clearing House国家可口可乐瓶信息交换所
This website is almost certainly a definitive list of every single commemorative Coca-Cola bottle since the 70s. There are some surprising entries. For example, did you know there was an 8oz (~240ml) Dominos Pizza International Expo 1991 edition, or that such an expo existed at all? Or a 10oz (~300ml) English Royal Wedding one in 1982?这个网站几乎可以肯定是自 70 年代以来每一个纪念可口可乐瓶子的权威清单。有一些令人惊讶的条目。例如，您是否知道有一个 8 盎司（~240 毫升）的 Dominos Pizza 1991 年国际博览会，或者根本不存在这样的博览会？还是 1982 年的 10 盎司（~300 毫升）英国皇家婚礼？
A screenshot of the homepage of The National Coca Cola Bottle Clearing House全国可口可乐瓶信息交换所主页截图
on Restorativland
参观 Restorativland 上的国家可口可乐瓶信息交换所
NetHistory 网络历史
Before the Internet existed, BITNET was “an early world leader in network communications for the research and education communities, and helped lay the groundwork for the subsequent introduction of the internet, especially outside the US". (LivingInternet.com).在互联网出现之前，BITNET 是“研究和教育界网络通信的早期世界领导者，并为随后引入互联网奠定了基础，尤其是在美国以外”。（LivingInternet.com）。
This website is an “informal history of BITNET and the Internet”:本网站是“BITNET 和 Internet 的非正式历史”：
If you're looking for a dry, formal history of the Internet, look elsewhere. The purpose of NetHistory is to give you a feeling for what it was like in the pioneering days of BITNET and the Internet. Hopefully, you will gain some perspective and come to understand the early Internet experience (although one could argue that the experience in question is a lot like sitting in front of a mainframe terminal in the middle of the night with a Twinkie-and-Jolt buzz). At worst, you should find it entertaining.如果你在寻找枯燥、正式的互联网历史，请寻找其他地方。NetHistory 的目的是让您感受一下 BITNET 和 Internet 的开创性时代是什么样子。希望您能获得一些视角并了解早期的 Internet 体验（尽管有人可能会争辩说，所讨论的体验很像半夜坐在大型机终端前，听到 Twinkie 和 Jolt 的嗡嗡声）。在最坏的情况下，您应该会发现它很有趣。
NetHistory has extensive archives of early network publications (VM/COM, NetMonth, FSFNet, DargonZine, Nutworks, The Gilding Byte among others) and “personal insights of the people who were there while BITNET and Internet history was being made”.NetHistory 拥有大量早期网络出版物（VM/COM、NetMonth、FSFNet、DargonZine、Nutworks、The Gilding Byte 等）和“在 BITNET 和互联网历史被创造时在场的人们的个人见解”。
A screenshot of NetHistory's Archive pageNetHistory 的 Archive 页面截图
on Internet Archive
joan stark's ASCII Art Gallery琼·斯塔克 （Joan Stark） 的 ASCII 艺术画廊
Think text art is dull? This artist has something to tell you:觉得文字艺术很沉闷？这位艺术家有话要告诉你：
You might not think so after visiting this website. There is much more to these low bandwidth graphics than smileys and emoticons. ASCII Art has progressed beyond being a simple computer graphics technique and has become a popular art form. You'll be amazed at what can be created by only using ASCII (American Standard Code of Information Interchange) characters. Some of the text graphics at this site are html-colorized, some are JavaScript-animated, others are simply text. All are unique, created by hand, and certainly not the same ol' boring text art that you might be expecting!访问此网站后，您可能不这么认为。这些低带宽图形的功能远不止笑脸和表情符号。ASCII 艺术已经超越了一种简单的计算机图形技术，已成为一种流行的艺术形式。您会惊讶于仅使用 ASCII（美国信息交换标准代码）字符可以创建的内容。此站点上的一些文本图形是 html 着色的，一些是 JavaScript 动画的，其他文本图形只是文本。所有这些都是独一无二的，是手工制作的，肯定不是您可能期望的那种枯燥乏味的文字艺术！
A screenshot of joan stark's ASCII Art Gallery琼·斯塔克 （Joan Stark） 的 ASCII 艺术画廊截图
on Internet Archive
Highlights: From the Present亮点：来自现在
As excited as I was to find these wonderful relics, I was even more excited to learn that the small web exists today just as it did back when I was a kid. It's just less visible. Among the projects contributing to keeping the small web alive, three are particularly exciting to me:尽管我为找到这些美妙的文物而兴奋不已，但更令人兴奋的是，我得知今天存在这个小网络，就像我小时候一样。它只是不那么明显。在为保持小型 Web 的活力做出贡献的项目中，有三个项目让我特别兴奋：
- Wiby.me is a search engine for old-school, interesting and informative webpages, with a useful "surprise me" button that takes you to a random result.
Wiby.me 是一个老式、有趣且信息丰富的网页搜索引擎，带有一个有用的“surprise me”按钮，可将您带到随机结果。
- Neocities.org is a modern web host that lets anyone create a basic website for free and be a part of a community where you can follow other webmasters.
Neocities.org 是一个现代网络主机，可让任何人都可以免费创建一个基本网站，并成为您可以关注其他网站管理员的社区的一部分。
- Curlie is "the largest human-edited directory of the Web. It is constructed and maintained by a passionate, global community of volunteer editors".
Curlie 是“最大的人工编辑的 Web 目录。它由一个充满激情的全球志愿编辑社区构建和维护”。
Ottaviana's Kitchen
This website from 1996 is still up today and features a family's Italian recipes passed down from generation to generation:这个 1996 年的网站今天仍在运行，其中包含一个家庭代代相传的意大利食谱：
My Grandparents were immigrants from Italy. They came to Ellis Island, in search of the great American dream. This was where my mother was born in Newark, NJ. The recipes were passed to her from her mother, and then passed to me from mine. Since I have no children of my own, what better way to pass on these recipes but on my web page so everyone can enjoy them, and maybe start their own tradition with them. So for now, Buon Appetito.我的祖父母是来自意大利的移民。他们来到埃利斯岛，寻找伟大的美国梦。这是我母亲在新泽西州纽瓦克出生的地方。这些食谱是她妈妈传给她的，然后又从我的妈妈传给我的。既然我没有自己的孩子，还有什么比在我的网页上传递这些食谱更好的方式呢，这样每个人都可以享受它们，也许还可以用它们开始他们自己的传统。所以现在，Buon Appetito。
You can read the entire menu and find authentic recipes to sauces, soups, risotti, cookies and dessert, and much much more.您可以阅读整个菜单并找到酱汁、汤、烩饭、饼干和甜点等的正宗食谱。
A screenshot of a recipe page from Ottaviana's KitchenOttaviana's Kitchen 的食谱页面截图
Europäische Schmetterlinge
This is a German website about European butterflies created in 1998 and maintained until 2005 by Mario Maier. But it isn't just any old website about butterflies; this one is a near-exhaustive collection of almost all butterflies in Europe organised by genus/species, each with a description, an indication of its "flight time" and the corresponding caterpillar's plants of choice, along with photos (most taken by the author himself).这是一个关于欧洲蝴蝶的德国网站，创建于 1998 年，由 Mario Maier 维护至 2005 年。但它不仅仅是任何关于蝴蝶的旧网站;这本书几乎详尽无遗地收集了欧洲几乎所有的蝴蝶，按属/种组织，每只蝴蝶都有描述、“飞行时间”和相应的毛毛虫选择的植物，以及照片（大部分由作者本人拍摄）。
A screenshot of the page on Melitae didyma butterflies on Europäische SchmetterlingeEuropäische Schmetterlinge 的 Melitae didyma 蝴蝶页面截图
Some of the pages like this one on Agrodiaetus ainsae seem to have more information than currently available on Wikipedia! I originally found the Geocities version on Restorativland and then found this version that is currently up.像 Agrodiaetus ainsae 上的一些页面似乎比维基百科上目前提供的信息更多！我最初在 Restorativland 上找到了 Geocities 版本，然后找到了目前正在运行的这个版本。
It looks like the same author had a larger website for all butterflies on Earth that was up until 2018. You can visit an archived copy of Butterfly Corner.看起来同一个作者有一个更大的网站，用于地球上的所有蝴蝶，直到 2018 年。您可以访问 Butterfly Corner 的存档副本。
Marseillaise.org
Everything you wanted to know about the French national anthem La Marseillaise, from Ian Patterson’s website that’s been up “in one form or another since 1996”.您想知道的有关法国国歌《马赛曲》的所有信息，都来自伊恩·帕特森 （Ian Patterson） 的网站，该网站“自 1996 年以来一直以某种形式”上线。
Welcome. No doubt you've come here to see what all the fuss is about on the 14th of July. I think you'll find all you want to know here. La Marseillaise is the national anthem of France, believed by many to be the most stirring of all anthems. Here you will find a transcription of its score, complete sound clips in various formats and a translation into English.欢迎。毫无疑问，您来到这里是为了看看 7 月 14 日有什么大惊小怪的。我想您会在这里找到所有想知道的东西。马赛曲是法国的国歌，被许多人认为是所有国歌中最激动人心的。在这里，您可以找到其乐谱的转录、各种格式的完整声音剪辑和英文翻译。
A screenshot of Marsaillaise.orgMarsaillaise.org 的屏幕截图
The Webtender
Interested in mixing your own drinks? The Webtender, which has been online since 1995, features over 6000 recipes, a handbook with information on bar glassware, tools, measurements and ingredients, a forum, a wiki and even lets you search for recipes based on what you have in your bar!有兴趣混合自己的饮料吗？Webtender 自 1995 年以来一直在线，提供 6000 多种食谱、一本包含酒吧玻璃器皿、工具、测量和成分信息的手册、一个论坛、一个 wiki，甚至允许您根据酒吧中的内容搜索食谱！
A screenshot of the home page of WebtenderWebtender 主页的屏幕截图
I got the idea to this database when I saw a program called Bartender for the Amiga. I wanted to create a useful web-service, and decided to make something similar for the World Wide Web. Remember that this was just at the same time as the Web (I prefer to call it that) became popular with not only students and people connected to the Internet at work, but also to people at home.当我看到一个名为 Amiga 的 Bartender 的程序时，我有了这个数据库的想法。我想创建一个有用的 Web 服务，并决定为万维网做一些类似的事情。请记住，与此同时，Web（我更喜欢这样称呼它）不仅在学生和工作中连接到 Internet 的人中流行起来，而且在家里的人中也流行起来。So, during spring 1995 I started to collect drink recipes from various Internet sources, including the mentioned program. One of the main sources was The (Un)Official Internet Bartender's Guide and postings to the newsgrouprec.food.drink.因此，在 1995 年春天，我开始从各种 Internet 来源收集饮料配方，包括上述程序。主要来源之一是 The （Un）Official Internet Bartender's Guide 和新闻组rec.food.drink的帖子。Then I decided to let my visitors help building the database. A lot of people make their own drinks, or have their own favourite, so why not let them add it to the database? I created a simple web form that visitors could use to add their drinks. It bacame a success!然后我决定让我的访客帮助构建数据库。很多人自己制作饮料，或者有自己最喜欢的饮料，那么为什么不让他们将其添加到数据库中呢？我创建了一个简单的 Web 表单，访问者可以使用它来添加他们的饮料。它取得了成功！Today, about 1500 of the drinks have been added by me, and the rest have been contributed by visitors.今天，我添加了大约 1500 杯饮料，其余的都是访客贡献的。
Distant Skies - A Crystalis Fansite遥远的天空 - Crystalis 粉丝网站
A fan-made website about an action-RPG game called Crystalis:一个关于名为 Crystalis 的动作 RPG 游戏的粉丝制作网站：
'Crystalis' is an Action-RPG for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in Japan in April of 1990 and in the United States the following July. It was praised by critics at the time for its graphics and gameplay and it inspired a devout, if somewhat small, fan following. In Japan the game was called ゴッド・スレイヤー はるか天空のソナタ or God Slayer: Sonata of the Distant Sky.'Crystalis' 是 Nintendo Entertainment System 的动作角色扮演游戏。它于 1990 年 4 月在日本发行，次年 7 月在美国发行。它因其图形和游戏玩法而受到当时评论家的称赞，并激发了一批虔诚的粉丝，尽管有点小。在日本，这款游戏被称为 ゴッド・スレイヤー はるか天空のソナタ 或杀神者：遥远天空奏鸣曲。
Built in the visual style of the game itself, the site provides detailed information about the story, characters, game world, spells and items in the game. Even though I don’t know the game, it’s fun to browse around.该网站以游戏本身的视觉风格构建，提供有关游戏中的故事、角色、游戏世界、法术和物品的详细信息。尽管我不了解游戏，但浏览起来很有趣。
A screenshot of the home page of Distant SkiesDistant Skies 首页截图
Your Own Corner of the Web您自己的 Web 角落
So the small web still exists, and is still giving us all kinds of websites to browse through and discover.所以小网络仍然存在，并且仍然为我们提供各种网站来浏览和发现。
As fun as it is to explore what's out there, the best part is really to join in and make your own website. Not on closed platforms or on social media mediated by ad companies, but simply in your own little corner of the web. It's the best way to see how simple and open the web really is.探索外面的东西很有趣，但最好的部分真的是加入并制作自己的网站。不是在封闭的平台或广告公司介导的社交媒体上，而是在你自己的网络小角落里。这是了解 Web 到底有多简单和开放的最佳方式。
You could easily put up those drawings you've been making, share your thoughts and ideas, or reviews of your favourite whiskies. Make a website to share your writing tips or your best recipes. Or a list of your favourite addresses in your city for travelers who might be visiting.您可以轻松地张贴您一直在制作的图纸，分享您的想法和想法，或对您最喜欢的威士忌的评论。制作一个网站来分享您的写作技巧或最佳食谱。或者为可能来访的旅客提供您所在城市中您最喜欢的地址列表。
All you would need is to learn basic markup (HTML) and styling (CSS), set up a site on a free host like Neocities.org and start playing. As you can imagine, Neocities is a Geocities-like free web host (minus the ads) whose mission it is to "make the web fun again by giving you back control of how you express yourself online". Discovering and joining Neocities was one of the reasons I got so excited about the small web. You can spend hours and hours browsing through the many sites hosted there, or just get a free account to play with.您所需要做的就是学习基本的标记 （HTML） 和样式 （CSS），在像 Neocities.org 这样的免费主机上设置一个网站并开始游戏。可以想象，Neocities 是一个类似 Geocities 的免费网络主机（不包括广告），其使命是“通过让您重新控制在线表达自己的方式，让网络再次变得有趣”。发现并加入 Neocities 是我对这个小网络如此兴奋的原因之一。您可以花费数小时浏览那里托管的许多网站，或者只是获得一个免费帐户来玩。
A screenshot of the home page of NeocitiesNeocities 首页截图
If you don't know how to make websites, HTMLDog has excellent tutorials to learn basic HTML and basic CSS. If you prefer video, Khan Academy has an excellent free course for beginners called "Making Webpages" that looks very complete.如果你不知道如何制作网站，HTMLDog 有很好的教程来学习基本的 HTML 和基本的 CSS。如果您更喜欢视频，可汗学院为初学者提供了一门出色的免费课程，名为“制作网页”，看起来非常完整。
If you have no prior experience, it might take you a while to get a hang of how to change text sizes and colours, add images and link between pages, but I think that’s part of the fun.如果你之前没有经验，你可能需要一段时间来掌握如何更改文本大小和颜色、添加图像和在页面之间链接，但我认为这是乐趣的一部分。
You could of course always just get a pre-made template or a theme and use that, but it's a different exercise. It’s the difference between buying art and learning how to paint or sculpt. The end result might be the same but the exercise is very different. It might be more practical but is nothing like creating an HTML page from scratch and putting it up on the web for the world to see.当然，你总是可以只获取一个预制的模板或主题并使用它，但这是一个不同的练习。这是购买艺术品和学习如何绘画或雕刻之间的区别。最终结果可能相同，但练习却大不相同。它可能更实用，但与从头开始创建 HTML 页面并将其放在 Web 上供全世界查看完全不同。
Another great thing about the web is that you can always view the source of any public website to take inspiration and learn. Make sure you pick simple, basic ones; the modern web is full of bloated websites that make HTML unreadable. This website, for example, only uses basic HTML and CSS and I invite you to play with the code to your heart’s content. It’s all in the public domain, so you can even copy all of it and modify it (and you don’t have to credit me or even link back, it’s all free).网络的另一个优点是，您始终可以查看任何公共网站的来源以获取灵感和学习。确保你选择简单、基本的;现代 Web 上充斥着使 HTML 不可读的臃肿网站。例如，这个网站只使用基本的 HTML 和 CSS，我邀请你尽情玩转代码。它都在公共领域，所以你甚至可以复制和修改它（而且你不必注明出处，甚至不必链接回来，这都是免费的）。
If you do end up making a website after reading this, I’d love to see it (and perhaps even add it on here): send me an email at [email protected].如果你在读完这篇文章后最终创建了一个网站，我很想看到它（甚至可能在这里添加它）：给我发电子邮件 [email protected].
Thoughts and Feedback 想法和反馈
The small web still exists and has a lot to offer.小网络仍然存在，并且可以提供很多东西。
It might not be as polished as the commercial web we're used to, but I hope I have, at the very least, piqued your curiosity and made you want to explore it too.它可能不像我们习惯的商业网络那样精致，但我希望我至少激起了你的好奇心，让你也想探索它。
I would love to hear from you if you have thoughts and comments about the essay, or if you have other interesting examples, or corrections. You can email me at [email protected]. This essay along with everything else on this website is also on GitHub; if you find errors or have suggestions for an edit, you can simply send me a pull request.如果您对这篇文章有任何想法和评论，或者您有其他有趣的例子或更正，我很乐意听取您的意见。你可以给我发电子邮件 [email protected].这篇文章以及本网站上的其他所有内容也在 GitHub 上;如果您发现错误或有编辑建议，只需向我发送拉取请求即可。
I hope you enjoyed your stay on my website. Feel free to browse around; the Retro Stuff has other relics from the 90s and the 2000s that you might enjoy. And of course, you can sign my guestbook on your way out if you'd like.我希望您在我的网站上逗留愉快。随意浏览;Retro Stuff 还有其他 90 年代和 2000 年代的遗物，您可能会喜欢。当然，如果你愿意，你可以在离开时在我的留言簿上签名。
Elsewhere: The discussion on Hacker News around this essay has plenty of other interesting links and ideas that you might also enjoy. (Updated 28 May).别处：Hacker News 上围绕这篇文章的讨论还有很多其他有趣的链接和想法，您可能也会喜欢。（5 月 28 日更新）。
Merci: Thanks to Mario, Zach and Alex for pointing out and fixing some typos.谢谢：感谢 Mario、Zach 和 Alex 指出并修复一些错别字。
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←回家
Rediscovering the Small Web, written by Parimal Satyal on 25 May 2020 and published on Neustadt.fr. This text is in the public domain with a CC0 1.0 Universal license; you are free to do whatever you want with it (obviously doesn't apply to the websites and resources I've linked to, or the logos and graphics in the background). A link back is nice but not required.重新发现小网络，由 Parimal Satyal 于 2020 年 5 月 25 日撰写，并于 Neustadt.fr 发布。此文本属于公共领域，具有 CC0 1.0 通用许可证;你可以自由地用它做任何你想做的事情（显然不适用于我链接到的网站和资源，也不适用于背景中的徽标和图形）。链接回来很好，但不是必需的。